Umuti utera ifuro rya polyurethane
Umuti utera ifuro rya polyurethane ni umusaruro w’ikoranabuhanga rya aerosol rivanze n’ikoranabuhanga rya polyurethane foam. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’imiterere y’umuyoboro w’amazi n’ubwoko bw’imbunda. Styrofoam ikoreshwa nk’umuti utera ifuro mu gukora ifuro rya microcellular. Muri rusange ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bw’umubiri n’ubwoko bwa chemical. Ibi bishingiye ku kuba ikorwa rya gazi ari inzira ifatika (Volatilization cyangwa sublimation) cyangwa inzira ya chemical (Gusenya imiterere ya chemical cyangwa izindi ngaruka za chemical)
Izina ry'Icyongereza
PU Foam
Ikoranabuhanga
Ikoranabuhanga rya aerosol n'ikoranabuhanga rya polyurethane foam
Ubwoko
Ubwoko bw'imbunda n'ubwoko bw'imbunda
Intangiriro
Izina ryuzuye ry’igikoresho gifunga ifuro cya polyurethane gifite igice kimwe. Andi mazina: igikoresho gifunga ifuro, styrofoam, PU sealant. Icyongereza PU FOAM ni umusaruro w’ikoranabuhanga rya aerosol rivanze n’ikoranabuhanga rya polyurethane foam. Ni ikintu cyihariye cya polyurethane aho ibice nka polyurethane prepolymer, igikoresho gifunga, na catalyst byuzuzwa mu gikoresho cya aerosol kidashyuha. Iyo ibikoresho bisutswe mu kigega cya aerosol, ibikoresho bya polyurethane bisa n’ifuro bizaguka vuba kandi bikomera kandi bigakorana n’umwuka cyangwa ubushuhe buri muri substrate kugira ngo bikore ifuro. Ikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi. Ifite ibyiza byo gufunga ifuro imbere, kwaguka cyane, gucika gato, nibindi. Kandi ifuro rifite imbaraga nziza kandi rifatana neza. Ifuro ryavuwe rifite ingaruka zitandukanye nko gufunga, gufatana, gufunga, gukingira ubushyuhe, gufata amajwi, nibindi. Ni ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi birengera ibidukikije, bizigama ingufu kandi byoroshye gukoresha. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gufunga no gufunga, kuzuza icyuho, gufunga no gufatanya, kubungabunga ubushyuhe no gukingira urusaku, kandi ikwiriye cyane cyane mu gufunga no kwirinda amazi hagati y’inzugi n’amadirishya n’inkuta bya pulasitiki cyangwa aloyide ya aluminiyumu.
Ibisobanuro by'imikorere
Muri rusange, igihe cyo kuma ku butaka ni iminota 10 (mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba ni 20°C). Igihe cyose cyo kuma gitandukana bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje. Mu bihe bisanzwe, igihe cyose cyo kuma mu mpeshyi ni amasaha 4-6, kandi bifata amasaha 24 cyangwa arenga kugira ngo humuke hafi ya zeru mu gihe cy'itumba. Mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukoreshwa (kandi hamwe n'urwego rutwikiriye), bivugwa ko igihe cyo gukora kitazaba munsi y'imyaka icumi. Ifuro ryavuwe rigumana ubushyuhe bwiza kandi rifatana neza mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -10℃ ~ 80℃. Ifuro ryavuwe rifite imirimo yo gufunga, gufatanya, gufunga, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, ifuro rya polyurethane rishobora gufunga umuriro rishobora kugera ku gipimo cya B na C.
Imbogamizi
1. Umuti ufata ifuro rya polyurethane, ubushyuhe buri hejuru, uzatemba, kandi ntugire ikibazo. Ntabwo uhamye nk'ifuro rigikomeye rya polyurethane.
2. Ifuro rifunga rya polyurethane, umuvuduko wo gusohora ifuro ni muto cyane, imiterere y'ahantu hanini ntishobora gukorwa, ubugari ntibushobora kugenzurwa, kandi ubwiza bw'ifuro ni bubi cyane.
3. Ifuro rifunga rya polyurethane, rihenze
Porogaramu
1. Gushyiraho umuryango n'amadirishya: Gufunga, gusana no gufatanya hagati y'inzugi n'amadirishya n'inkuta.
2. Icyitegererezo cyo kwamamaza: Icyitegererezo, gukora ameza y'umucanga, gusana ibibaho by'imurikagurisha
3. Gukingira amajwi: Kuzuza icyuho kiri mu mitako y'ibyumba byo kuvuga no mu byumba byo gusakaza amajwi, bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma amajwi ahagarara neza no guceceka.
4. Ubuhinzi: Gutunganya indabyo, guhinga no gutunganya ubusitani, byoroheje kandi byiza
5. Gusana buri munsi: Gusana ibinogo, icyuho, amatafari yo ku nkuta, amatafari yo hasi, n'amatafari yo hasi
6. Gufunga amazi: Gusana no gufunga amazi aturuka mu miyoboro y'amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi yanduye, n'ibindi.
7. Gupakira no kohereza: Ishobora gupfunyika ibintu by'agaciro kandi byoroshye, ikagabanya igihe n'umuvuduko, irinda guhungabana no gushyuha umuvuduko
Amabwiriza
1. Mbere yo kubaka, ibizinga by'amavuta n'umukungugu ureremba ku buso bw'ubwubatsi bigomba gukurwaho, hanyuma amazi make agaterwa ku buso bw'ubwubatsi.
2. Mbere yo gukoresha, zunguza ikigega cya polyurethane ifuro mu gihe cy'amasegonda 60 nibura kugira ngo urebe neza ko ibirimo byose hamwe.
3. Niba hakoreshejwe icyuma gitera ifuro cya polyurethane cyo mu bwoko bw'imbunda, hindura ikigega ugishyire hejuru kugira ngo gihuzwe n'umugozi w'imbunda itera ifuro, fungura valve itera ifuro, hanyuma uhindure inzira mbere yo gutera ifuro. Niba hakoreshejwe icyuma gitera ifuro cya polyurethane cyo mu bwoko bw'imbunda, shyira umugozi wa pulasitiki ku mugozi w'ifuro, shyira umuyoboro wa pulasitiki ku cyuho, hanyuma ukande icyuma kugira ngo gitere ifuro.
4. Witondere umuvuduko w'urugendo mu gihe utera imiti, ubusanzwe ingano y'inshinge ishobora kuba kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingano isabwa yo kuzuza. Uzuza icyuho gihagaze uhereye hasi ugana hejuru.
5. Mu gihe cyo kuzuza icyuho nk'igisenge, ifuro ritarakira rishobora kugwa bitewe n'imbaraga z'uburemere. Ni byiza gutanga inkunga ikwiye ako kanya nyuma yo kuzuza, hanyuma ugakuraho inkunga nyuma yuko ifuro rimaze gukurwaho no guhambira ku rukuta rw'icyuho.
6. Ifuro rizakurwamo mu minota 10, kandi rishobora gucibwa nyuma y'iminota 60.
7. Koresha icyuma kugira ngo uce ifuro ryinshi, hanyuma usige hejuru ifuro rya sima, irangi cyangwa gel ya silica.
8. Pima umushongi w'ifuro ukurikije ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki, ongeramo amazi meza inshuro 80 kugira ngo uvange kugira ngo ukore amazi afuro; hanyuma ukoreshe imashini ifuro kugira ngo uvange amazi afuro, hanyuma ushyiremo ifuro mu gishishwa cya sima ya magnesite ivanze neza ukurikije ingano yagenwe. Kangura neza, hanyuma wohereze ifuro rya magnesite ku mashini ikora cyangwa ibumba kugira ngo rikoreshwe.
Inyandiko z'Ubwubatsi:
Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gukoresha mu gikoresho cy’ifuro cya polyurethane ni +5～+40℃, Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukoresha ni +18～+25℃. Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe buke, ni byiza gushyira iki gicuruzwa ku bushyuhe budahinduka bwa +25～+30℃ mu gihe cy’iminota 30 mbere yo kugikoresha kugira ngo kimenye neza ko gikora neza. Ingano y’ubushyuhe bw’ifuro ryavuwe ni -35℃～+80℃.
Ifuro rya polyurethane ni ifuro rikuraho ubushuhe. Rigomba gusukwa ku buso butose iyo rikoreshejwe. Uko ubushuhe bwinshi burushaho kwiyongera, niko rikomeza kwihuta. Ifuro ritaravurwa rishobora gusukurwa n'icyuma gisukura, mu gihe ifuro ryavuwe rigomba gukurwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini (gusukura cyangwa gukata). Ifuro ryavuwe rizahinduka umuhondo nyuma yo gusigwa n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet. Ni byiza gusiga hejuru y'ifuro ryavuwe ibindi bikoresho (simenti, irangi, nibindi). Nyuma yo gukoresha imbunda itera imiti, nyamuneka uhite uhanagura n'icyuma cyihariye gisukura.
Mu gihe usimbura ikigega, zunguza ikigega gishya neza (uzunguze nibura inshuro 20), kuraho ikigega kirimo ubusa, hanyuma uhindure ikigega gishya vuba kugira ngo wirinde ko aho imbunda itera ibinyabiziga bikomeza gukomera.
Valve igenzura amazi n'icyuma gitera amazi bishobora kugenzura ingano y'amazi atemba. Iyo inshinge ihagaze, funga valve igenzura amazi mu cyerekezo cy'isaha.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda
Ifuro ritarakira rifata ku ruhu no ku myenda. Ntukore ku ruhu rwawe no ku myenda yawe mu gihe ukoresha. Ikigega cya polyurethane gitanga ifuro gifite umuvuduko wa 5-6kg/cm2 (25℃), kandi ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga 50℃ mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara kugira ngo ikigega hirindwe guturika.
Ibigega bya polyurethane bigira ifuro bigomba kurindwa izuba ryinshi kandi abana barabujijwe cyane. Gushyiramo ibintu byose mu bigega nyuma yo kubikoresha, cyane cyane ibigega bya polyurethane bigira ifuro bitarakoreshwa, ntibigomba gushyirwamo imyanda. Birabujijwe gutwika cyangwa gutobora ibigega birimo ubusa.
Bika kure y'inkongi z'umuriro kandi ntugakore ku bintu bishobora gushya cyangwa guturika.
Ahazubakwa hagomba kuba hari umwuka uhagije, kandi abakozi b'ubwubatsi bagomba kwambara uturindantoki tw'akazi, ipamba n'amadarubindi mu gihe cyo kubaka, kandi ntibanywe itabi.
Mu gihe ifuro rikoze ku maso, nyamuneka oza n'amazi mbere yo kujya kwa muganga; niba rikoze ku ruhu, oza n'amazi n'isabune.
Uburyo bwo gusohora ifuro
1. Uburyo bwa Prepolymer
Uburyo bwo gusohora ifuro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa pre-polymer ni ugukora (ibintu byera) n'ibintu by'umukara mbere ya byose muri pre-polymer, hanyuma ukongeramo amazi, catalyst, surfactant, n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera kuri pre-polymer, hanyuma ukabivanga ukoresheje uburyo bwo kubyibuha cyane. Birobe, nyuma yo kubitunganya, bishobora kuvurwa ku bushyuhe runaka.
2. Uburyo bwa semi-prepolymer
Uburyo bwo gusohora ifuro mu buryo bwa semi-prepolymer ni ugukora igice cya polyether polyol (ibikoresho byera) na diisocyanate (ibikoresho by'umukara) muri prepolymer, hanyuma ugahuza ikindi gice cya polyether cyangwa polyel polyol na diisocyanate, amazi, Catalysts, surfactants, izindi nyongeramusaruro, nibindi. Byongerwamo hanyuma bikavangwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukurura ifuro ryihuse.
3. Uburyo bwo gusohora ifuro mu ntambwe imwe
Shyiramo polyether cyangwa polyel ya polyester (ibikoresho byera) na polyisocyanate (ibikoresho by'umukara), amazi, catalyst, surfactant, blowing agent, ibindi bikoresho n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo mu ntambwe imwe, hanyuma uvange munsi yo kuvanga vuba hanyuma ufuro.
Uburyo bwo gusohora ifuro mu ntambwe imwe ni uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa. Hariho kandi uburyo bwo gusohora ifuro mu ntoki, ari na bwo buryo bworoshye. Nyuma y’uko ibikoresho byose by’ibanze bipimwe neza, bishyirwa mu gikoresho, hanyuma ibyo bikoresho by’ibanze bivangwa kimwe hanyuma bigashyirwa mu ifuro cyangwa ahantu hagomba kuzuzwa ifuro. Icyitonderwa: Mu gihe cyo gupima, polyisocyanate (ibikoresho by’umukara) igomba gupimwa nyuma.
Ifuro rya polyurethane rikomeye muri rusange riterwa ifuro ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, kandi uburyo bwo kubumba buragoye cyane. Dukurikije urwego rw'imashini zo kubaka, rishobora kugabanywamo ifuro rikozwe n'intoki n'iry'imashini. Dukurikije igitutu mu gihe cyo kubumba, rishobora kugabanywamo ifuro rikozwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ifuro rikozwe n'umuvuduko muto. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kubumba, rishobora kugabanywamo ifuro rikozwe n'umuvuduko muto no kujugunya ifuro.
Politiki
Umuti utera ifuro rya polyurethane washyizwe ku rutonde na Minisiteri y’Ubwubatsi nk’umusaruro ugomba kumamazwa no gukoreshwa mu gihe cya “Gahunda ya cumi n’imwe y’imyaka itanu”.
Ibitegerejwe ku isoko
Kuva ibicuruzwa 2000 byamamazwa kandi bigakoreshwa mu Bushinwa, icyifuzo cy’isoko cyariyongereye cyane. Mu 2009, ikoreshwa ry’isoko ry’igihugu ry’ubwubatsi ryarengeje amacupa miliyoni 80 buri mwaka. Bitewe no kunoza ireme ry’inyubako no guteza imbere inyubako zikoresha ingufu nke, ingano ya glutathione iziyongera buhoro buhoro mu gihe kizaza.
Mu gihugu, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora no gukora ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa ryaramenyerewe cyane, ibintu bitanga ifuro bidafite fluorine bitangiza urwego rwa ozone muri rusange birakoreshwa, kandi ibikoresho bifite ifuro mbere yo gusohora ifuro (1) byarakozwe. Uretse ko bamwe mu bakinnyi bagikoresha ibice bya valve bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibindi bikoresho fatizo bishyigikira byakozwe mu gihugu.
Igitabo cy'amabwiriza
(1) Icyo bita pre-foaming bivuze ko 80% by'ibikoresho bya polyurethane foaming byasizwe ifuro nyuma yo gutera, kandi ifuro rikurikiraho riba rito cyane.
Ibi bituma abakozi babasha gusobanukirwa imbaraga z'amaboko yabo iyo bakoresheje imbunda ifuro, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kandi byoroshye kandi ntibipfusha ubusa kole. Iyo ifuro rimaze gusigwa, kole igenda iba nini kurusha iyo irashwe.
Muri ubu buryo, biragoye abakozi gusobanukirwa imbaraga zo gukurura imbunda ku ntoki zabo, kandi biroroshye gupfusha ubusa kole, nibura 1/3 cy'imyanda. Byongeye kandi, kole imaze kwaguka yoroshye gukanda inzugi n'amadirishya nyuma yo gushonga, nk'uko kole isanzwe mu ruganda rw'isoko ikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2021