Polyurethane
Polyurethane ifuro ibibyimba nibicuruzwa byambukiranya tekinoroji ya aerosol hamwe na tekinoroji ya polyurethane.Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa spongy leta yubwoko bwubwoko bwimbunda nubwoko bwimbunda. Irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwumubiri nubwoko bwimiti. Ibi bishingiye ku kumenya niba umusaruro wa gaze ari inzira ifatika (Volatilisation cyangwa sublimation) cyangwa inzira ya chimique (Gusenya imiterere yimiti cyangwa izindi miti yimiti)
Izina ry'icyongereza
PU
Ikoranabuhanga
Ikoranabuhanga rya aerosol hamwe na tekinoroji ya polyurethane
Ubwoko
Ubwoko bwa Tube n'ubwoko bw'imbunda
Intangiriro
Polyurethane ifuro agent izina ryuzuye igice kimwe polyurethane ifuro kashe. Andi mazina: agent ifuro, styrofoam, kashe ya PU. Icyongereza PU FOAM nigicuruzwa cyo guhuza tekinoroji ya aerosol hamwe na tekinoroji ya polyurethane. Nibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bya polyurethane aho ibice nka polyurethane prepolymer, ibyuma bisohora, hamwe na catalizator byuzuyemo kanseri ya aerosol irwanya umuvuduko. Iyo ibikoresho bimaze guterwa mu kigega cya aerosol, ibikoresho bisa na polyurethane bisa nifuro bizaguka byihuse kandi bizakomera kandi byifashe hamwe numwuka cyangwa ubuhehere buri muri substrate kugirango bibe ifuro. Ubwinshi bwibisabwa. Ifite ibyiza byo kubira ifuro imbere, kwaguka cyane, kugabanuka gato, n'ibindi. Kandi ifuro ifite imbaraga nziza hamwe no gufatana hejuru. Ifuro yakize ifite ingaruka zitandukanye nko guterana, guhuza, gufunga, kubika ubushyuhe, kwinjiza amajwi, nibindi.Ni ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, bizigama ingufu kandi byoroshye gukoresha ibikoresho byubaka. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugushiraho no gucomeka, kuzuza icyuho, gukosora no guhuza, kubika ubushyuhe no kubika amajwi, kandi birakwiriye cyane cyane gufunga no gukumira amazi hagati yicyuma cya pulasitike cyangwa inzugi za aluminiyumu n'inzugi ninkuta.
Ibisobanuro
Mubisanzwe, igihe cyo kumisha hejuru ni iminota 10 (munsi yubushyuhe bwicyumba 20 ° C) .Igihe cyose cyumye kiratandukanye nubushyuhe bwibidukikije nubushuhe. Mubihe bisanzwe, igihe cyumye cyose mugihe cyizuba ni amasaha agera kuri 4-6, kandi bifata amasaha 24 cyangwa arenga kugirango yumuke hafi zeru mugihe cyitumba.Mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukoresha (kandi hamwe nigipfukisho hejuru), ni ugereranije ko ubuzima bwa serivisi butazaba munsi yimyaka icumi. Ifuro yakize ikomeza ubworoherane no gufatana mu bushyuhe bwa -10 ℃ ～ 80 ℃. Ifuro yakize ifite imirimo yo gukata, guhuza, gufunga, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, flame-retardant polyurethane ifuro ifasha irashobora kugera kuri B na C.
Ingaruka
1. Polyurethane ifuro ya kawkingi, ubushyuhe buri hejuru, buzatemba, kandi umutekano ni muke. Ntabwo bihamye nka polyurethane ikomeye.
2. Ikidodo cya polyurethane, umuvuduko wifuro uratinda cyane, kubaka ahantu hanini ntibishobora gukorwa, uburinganire ntibushobora kugenzurwa, kandi ubwiza bwifuro ni bubi cyane.
3. Polyurethane ifuro ifunga kashe, ihenze
Gusaba
1. Kwinjizamo inzugi nidirishya: Gufunga, gutunganya no guhuza inzugi nidirishya ninkuta.
2. Icyitegererezo cyo kwamamaza: Icyitegererezo, umusaruro wameza yumucanga, gusana ikibaho cyerekanwe
3. Kudakoresha amajwi: Kuzuza icyuho cyo gushushanya ibyumba byo kuvuga n'ibyumba byo gutangaza, bishobora gukinisha amajwi no gucecekesha.
4. Ubusitani: Gutunganya indabyo, guhinga no gutunganya ubusitani, urumuri kandi rwiza
5. Kubungabunga buri munsi: Gusana imyenge, icyuho, amabati y'urukuta, amabati hasi, hasi
6. Gucomeka kumazi: Gusana no gucomeka mumiyoboro y'amazi, imyanda, nibindi.
7. Gupakira no kohereza: Irashobora gupfunyika byoroshye ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kandi byoroshye, bigatwara igihe n'umuvuduko, guhungabana kandi birwanya umuvuduko
Amabwiriza
1. Mbere yo kubaka, hagomba gukurwaho irangi ryamavuta hamwe n ivumbi rireremba hejuru yubwubatsi, kandi amazi make agomba guterwa hejuru yubwubatsi.
2. Mbere yo kuyikoresha, uzunguze tanki ya polyurethane ifuro byibura amasegonda 60 kugirango urebe ko ibiri muri tank ari kimwe.
3. Niba hakoreshejwe imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa polyurethane ifata ifuro, hindura ikigega hejuru kugirango uhuze nu mugozi w’imbunda ya spray, fungura valve, hanyuma uhindure imigezi mbere yo gutera. Niba hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya polyurethane ifuro ifuro, shyira nozzle ya plastike kumutwe wa valve, uhuze umuyoboro wa plastike nu cyuho, hanyuma ukande nozzle kugirango utere.
4. Witondere umuvuduko wurugendo mugihe utera, mubisanzwe ingano yo gutera inshinge irashobora kuba kimwe cya kabiri cyibisabwa byuzuye. Uzuza icyuho gihagaritse kuva hasi kugeza hejuru.
5. Iyo wujuje icyuho nkigisenge, ifuro idakize irashobora kugwa kubera uburemere. Birasabwa gutanga inkunga ikwiye ako kanya nyuma yo kuzuza, hanyuma ugakuramo inkunga nyuma yuko ifuro ikize kandi igahuzwa nurukuta rwicyuho.
6. Ifuro izacibwa mu minota igera ku 10, kandi irashobora gucibwa nyuma yiminota 60.
7. Koresha icyuma kugirango ukate ifuro irenze, hanyuma utwikire hejuru na sima ya sima, irangi cyangwa gelika ya silika.
8. Gupima umukozi wifuro ukurikije ibisabwa bya tekiniki, ongeramo inshuro 80 zamazi meza kugirango uhindurwe kugirango ukore amazi abira ifuro; hanyuma ukoreshe imashini ifuro ifuro ifuro ryuzuye ifuro, hanyuma wongeremo ifuro kumurongo wa sima ya magnesite ivanze kimwe ukurikije umubare wateganijwe Kangura neza, hanyuma amaherezo wohereze ibibyimba bya magnesite byifuro kumashini ikora cyangwa ibumba kugirango ikorwe.
Inyandiko z'ubwubatsi:
Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa ryubushyuhe bwa polyurethane ifuro ikigega ni + 5 ～ + 40 ℃, Koresha ubushyuhe + 18 ～ + 25 ℃. Ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe buke, birasabwa gushyira iki gicuruzwa ku bushyuhe buhoraho bwa + 25 ～ + 30 ℃ mu minota 30 mbere yo kugikoresha kugira ngo gikore neza. Ubushyuhe bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa furo yakize ni -35 ℃ ～ + 80 ℃.
Polyurethane ifuro ifuro ni ifuro ikiza. Igomba guterwa hejuru yubushuhe iyo ikoreshejwe. Ubushuhe buri hejuru, niko byihuta gukira. Ifuro idakize irashobora guhanagurwa hamwe nisuku, mugihe ifuro yakize igomba gukurwaho nuburyo bwa mashini (umucanga cyangwa gukata). Ifuro yakize izahinduka umuhondo nyuma yo kumurikirwa numucyo ultraviolet. Birasabwa gutwikira hejuru yifuro yakize hamwe nibindi bikoresho (marima ya sima, irangi, nibindi). Nyuma yo gukoresha imbunda ya spray, nyamuneka uyisukure hamwe numukozi udasanzwe woza.
Mugihe usimbuye ikigega, uzunguze ikigega gishya neza (kunyeganyeza byibuze inshuro 20), ukureho tanki irimo ubusa, hanyuma uhite usimbuza ikigega gishya kugirango wirinde icyambu cya spray imbunda kidakomera.
Igenzura rya flux hamwe na trigger yimbunda ya spray birashobora kugenzura ubunini bwimyanda. Iyo inshinge ihagaze, hita ufunga valve itemba yerekeza kumasaha.
Kwirinda Umutekano
Ifuro idakize ifatanye uruhu n imyenda. Ntukore ku ruhu n'imyambaro mugihe ukoresha. Ikigega cya polyurethane kibyimba gifite umuvuduko wa 5-6kg / cm2 (25 ℃), kandi ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga 50 ℃ mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara kugirango birinde guturika.
Ibigega bya polyurethane bibyimba bigomba kurindwa izuba ryinshi kandi abana birabujijwe rwose. Ibigega birimo ubusa nyuma yo kubikoresha, cyane cyane bikoreshwa igice cya polyurethane ibibyimba bitarakoreshwa, ntibigomba kuba byuzuye. Birabujijwe gutwika cyangwa gutobora ibigega byubusa.
Irinde umuriro ufunguye kandi ntugahure nibikoresho byaka kandi biturika.
Ahantu hubatswe hagomba guhumeka neza, kandi abubatsi bagomba kwambara uturindantoki twakazi, hejuru hamwe na gogogi mugihe cyo kubaka, kandi ntibanywe itabi.
Mugihe ifuro rikoze mumaso, nyamuneka kwoza amazi mbere yo kujya mubitaro kwivuza; niba ikora ku ruhu, kwoza amazi n'isabune
Inzira yo kubira
1. Uburyo bwa prepolymer
Uburyo bwa pre-polymer uburyo bwo kubira ifuro ni ugukora (ibikoresho byera) na (ibikoresho byumukara) muri pre-polymer mbere, hanyuma ukongeramo amazi, catalizator, surfactant, ibindi byongewe kuri pre-polymer, hanyuma ukavanga munsi yihuta. Wibike, nyuma yo gukira, irashobora gukira mubushuhe runaka
2. Uburyo bwa Semi-prepolymer
Uburyo bwo kubira uburyo bwa sem-prepolymer ni ugukora igice cya polyether polyol (ibikoresho byera) na diisocyanate (ibikoresho byumukara) mo prepolymer, hanyuma ugahuza ikindi gice cya polyether cyangwa polyester polyol na diisocyanate, amazi, Catalizator, surfactants, ibindi byongeweho, nibindi byongeweho kandi bivangwa munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi ukurura ifuro.
3. Inzira imwe yo kubira ifuro
Ongeramo polyether cyangwa polyester polyol (ibikoresho byera) na polyisocyanate (ibikoresho byumukara), amazi, catalizator, surfactant, agent uhuha, ibindi byongeweho nibindi bikoresho bibisi murwego rumwe, hanyuma ubivange munsi yihuta yihuta hanyuma ubire ifuro.
Intambwe imwe yo kubira ifuro ni inzira isanzwe ikoreshwa. Hariho nuburyo bukoreshwa nintoki, nuburyo bworoshye. Ibikoresho byose bibisi bimaze gupimwa neza, bigashyirwa mubintu, hanyuma ibyo bikoresho fatizo bikavangwa kimwe hanyuma bigaterwa mubibumbano cyangwa umwanya ugomba kuzuzwa ifuro. Icyitonderwa: Iyo upima, polyisocyanate (ibikoresho byirabura) igomba gupimwa nyuma.
Ifuro ya polyurethane ya Rigid isanzwe iba ifuro mubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi uburyo bwo kubumba buroroshye. Ukurikije urwego rwubukanishi bwubwubatsi, rushobora kugabanywamo intoki nifuro ya mashini. Ukurikije umuvuduko mugihe cyo kubira ifuro, irashobora kugabanywamo ifuro ryumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nifuro yumuvuduko ukabije. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubumba, irashobora kugabanywamo gusuka ifuro no gutera ifuro.
Politiki
Umukozi wa polyurethane wifuro washyizwe ku rutonde na Minisiteri y’ubwubatsi nkigicuruzwa cyatezwa imbere kandi kigashyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihe cya “Gahunda y’imyaka cumi n'itanu”.
Ibiteganijwe ku isoko
Kuva ibicuruzwa 2000 byatejwe imbere bigashyirwa mu bikorwa mu Bushinwa, isoko ryagutse vuba. Muri 2009, ikoreshwa ryumwaka ku isoko ryubwubatsi ryigihugu ryarenze miliyoni 80. Hamwe nogutezimbere ibyangombwa byubaka no kuzamura inyubako zizigama ingufu, ibicuruzwa nkibi Umubare wa glutathione uziyongera gahoro gahoro.
Imbere mu gihugu, tekinoloji nogukora umusaruro wubwoko bwibicuruzwa byarigishijwe neza, imiti ya florine idafite ifuro idasenya urwego rwa ozone muri rusange ikoreshwa, kandi ibicuruzwa bifite mbere yo kubira ifuro (1). Usibye ko ababikora bamwe bagikoresha ibice bya valve bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibindi bikoresho byunganira byakorewe imbere mu gihugu.
Igitabo gikubiyemo amabwiriza
.
Ibi bituma abakozi bamenya imbaraga zamaboko yabo mugihe bakoresha imbunda ifuro, yoroshye kandi yoroshye kandi idasesagura kole. Iyo ifuro rimaze guterwa, kole igenda iba ndende kuruta iyo yarashwe.
Muri ubu buryo, biragoye kubakozi gufata imbaraga zo gukurura imbarutso kubiganza byabo, kandi biroroshye guta kole, byibuze 1/3 cyimyanda. Byongeye kandi, kole imaze kwagurwa byoroshye gukanda inzugi n'amadirishya nyuma yo gukira, nka kole isanzwe mu ruganda rwisoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2021